the john muir exhibit - writings - the_story_of_my_boyhood_and_youth - chapter 5
The Story of My Boyhood and Youth
by John Muir
Chapter V
Young Hunters
IN
the older eastern States it used to be considered great sport for
an army of boys to assemble to hunt birds, squirrels, and every other unclaimed,
unprotected live thing of shootable size. They divided into two squads,
and, choosing leaders, scattered through the woods in different directions,
and the party that killed the greatest number enjoyed a supper at the expense
of the other. The whole neighborhood seemed to enjoy the shameful sport,
especially the farmers afraid of their crops. With a great air of importance,
laws were enacted to govern the gory business. For example, a gray squirrel
must count four heads, a woodchuck six heads, common red squirrel two heads,
black squirrel ten heads, a partridge five heads, the larger birds, such
as whip-poor-wills and nighthawks two heads each, the wary crows three,
and bob-whites three. But all the blessed company of mere song-birds, warblers,
robins, thrushes, orioles, with nuthatches, chickadees, blue jays, woodpeckers,
etc., counted only one head each. The heads of the birds were hastily wrung
off and thrust into the game-bags to be counted, saving the
bodies only of what were called game, the larger squirrels, bob-whites,
partridges, etc. The blood-stained bags of the best slayers were soon bulging
full. Then at a given hour all had to stop and repair to the town, empty
their dripping sacks, count the heads, and go rejoicing to their dinner.
Although, like other wild boys, I was fond of shooting, I never had anything
to do with these abominable head-hunts. And now the farmers having learned
that birds are their friends wholesale slaughter has been abolished.
We seldom saw deer, though their tracks were common. The Yankee explained
that they traveled and fed mostly at night, and hid in tamarack swamps
and brushy places in the daytime, and how the Indians knew all about them
and could find them whenever they were hungry.
Indians belonging to the Menominee and Winnebago occasionally visited
us at our cabin to get a piece of bread or some matches, or to sharpen
their knives on our grindstone, and we boys watched them closely to see
that they did n't steal Jack. We wondered at their knowledge of animals
when we saw them go direct to trees on our farm, chop holes in them with
their tomahawks and take out coons, of the existence of which
we had never noticed the slightest trace. In winter, after the first snow,
we frequently saw three or four Indians hunting deer in company, running
like hounds on the fresh, exciting tracks. The escape of the deer from
these noiseless, tireless hunters was said to be well-nigh impossible;
they were followed to the death.
Most of our neighbors brought some sort of gun from the old country,
but seldom took time to hunt, even after the first hard work of fencing
and clearing was over, except to shoot a duck or prairie chicken now and
then that happened to come in their way. It was only the less industrious
American settlers who left their work to go far a-hunting. Two or three
of our most enterprising American neighbors went off every fall with their
teams to the pine regions and cranberry marshes in the northern part of
the State to hunt and gather berries. I well remember seeing their wagons
loaded with game when they returned from a successful hunt. Their loads
consisted usually of half a dozen deer or more, one or two black bears,
and fifteen or twenty bushels of cranberries; all solidly frozen. Part
of both the berries and meat was usually sold in Portage; the balance furnished
their families with abundance of venison, bear grease, and pies.
Winter wheat is sown in the fall, and when it is a month or so old the
deer, like the wild geese, are very fond of it, especially since other
kinds of food are then becoming scarce. One of our neighbors across the
Fox River killed a large number, some thirty or forty, on a small patch
of wheat, simply by lying in wait for them every night. Our wheat-field
was the first that was sown in the neighborhood. The deer soon found it
and came in every night to feast, but it was eight or nine years before
we ever disturbed them. David then killed one deer, the only one killed
by any of our family. He went out shortly after sundown at the time of
full moon to one of our wheat-fields, carrying a double-barreled shotgun
loaded with buck-shot. After lying in wait an hour or so, he saw a doe
and her fawn jump the fence and come cautiously into the wheat. After they
were within sixty or seventy yards of him, he was surprised when he tried
to take aim that about half of the moon's disc was mysteriously darkened
as if covered by the edge of a dense cloud. This proved to be an eclipse.
Nevertheless, he fired at the mother, and she immediately ran off, jumped
the fence, and took to the woods by the way she came. The fawn danced about
bewildered, wondering what had become of its mother, but finally fled to
the woods. David fired at the poor deserted thing as it rat
past him but happily missed it. Hearing the shots, I joined David to learn
his luck. He said he thought he must have wounded the mother, and when
we were strolling about in the woods in search of her we saw three or four
deer on their way to the wheat-field, led by a fine buck. They were walking
rapidly, but cautiously halted at intervals of a few rods to listen and
look ahead and scent the air. They failed to notice us, though by this
time the moon was out of the eclipse shadow and we were standing only about
fifty yards from them. I was carrying the gun. David had fired both barrels
but when he was reloading one of them he happened to put the wad intended
to cover the shot into the empty barrel, and so when we were climbing over
the fence the buckshot had rolled out, and when I fired at the big buck
I knew by the report that there was nothing but powder in the charge. The
startled deer danced about in confusion for a few seconds, uncertain which
way to run until they caught sight of us, when they bounded off through
the woods. Next morning we found the poor mother lying about three hundred
yards from the place where she was shot. She had run this distance and
jumped a high fence after one of the buckshot had passed through her heart.
Excepting Sundays we boys had only two days of the year to ourselves,
the 4th of July and the 1st of January. Sundays were less than half our
own, on account of Bible lessons, Sunday-school lessons and church services;
all the others were labor days, rain or shine, cold or warm. No wonder,
then, that our two holidays were precious and that it was not easy to decide
what to do with them. They were usually spent on the highest rocky hill
in the neighborhood, called the Observatory; in visiting our boy friends
on adjacent farms to hunt, fish, wrestle, and play games; in reading some
new favorite book we had managed to borrow or buy; or in making models
of machines I had invented.
One of our July days was spent with two Scotch boys of our own age hunting
redwing blackbirds then busy in the corn-fields. Our party had only one
single-barreled shotgun, which, as the oldest and perhaps because I was
thought to be the best shot, I had the honor of carrying. We marched through
the corn without getting sight of a single redwing, but just as we reached
the far side of the field, a red-headed woodpecker flew up, and the Lawson
boys cried: "Shoot him! Shoot him! he is just as bad as a blackbird.
He eats corn!" This memorable woodpecker alighted in the top of a
white oak tree about fifty feet high. I fired from a position
almost immediately beneath him, and he fell straight down at my feet. When
I picked him up and was admiring his plumage, he moved his legs slightly,
and I said, "Poor bird, he's no deed yet and we'll hae to kill him
to put him oot o' pain,"--sincerely pitying him, after we had taken
pleasure in shooting him. I had seen servant girls wringing chicken necks,
so with desperate humanity I took the limp unfortunate by the head, swung
him around three or four times thinking I was wringing his neck, and then
threw him hard on the ground to quench the last possible spark of life
and make quick death doubly sure. But to our astonishment the moment he
struck the ground he gave a cry of alarm and flew right straight up like
a rejoicing lark into the top of the same tree, and perhaps to the same
branch he had fallen from, and began to adjust his ruffled feathers, nodding
and chirping and looking down at us as if wondering what in the bird world
we had been doing to him. This of course banished all thought of killing,
as far as that revived woodpecker was concerned, no matter how many ears
of corn he might spoil, and we all heartily congratulated him on his wonderful,
triumphant resurrection from three kinds of death,--shooting, neck-wringing,
and destructive concussion. I suppose only one pellet had touched
him, glancing on his head.
Another extraordinary shooting-affair happened one summer morning shortly
after day-break. When I went to the stable to feed the horses I noticed
a big white-breasted hawk on a tall oak in front of the chicken-house,
evidently waiting for a chicken breakfast. I ran to the house for the gun,
and when I fired he fell about halfway down the tree, caught a branch with
his claws, hung back downward and fluttered a few seconds, then managed
to stand erect. I fired again to put him out of pain, and to my surprise
the second shot seemed to restore his strength instead of killing him,
for he flew out of the tree and over the meadow with strong and regular
wing-beats for thirty or forty rods apparently as well as ever, but died
suddenly in the air and dropped like a stone.
We hunted muskrats whenever we had time to run down to the lake. They
are brown bunchy animals about twenty-three inches long, the tail being
about nine inches in length, black in color and flattened vertically for
sculling, and the hind feet are half-webbed. They look like little beavers,
usually have from ten to a dozen young, are easily tamed and make interesting
pets. We liked to watch them at their work and at their meals.
In the spring when the snow vanishes and the lake ice begins to melt, the
first open spot is always used as a feeding-place, where they dive from
the edge of the ice and in a minute or less reappear with a mussel or a
mouthful of pontederia or water-lily leaves, climb back on to the ice and
sit up to nibble their food, handling it very much like squirrels or marmots.
It is then that they are most easily shot, a solitary hunter oftentimes
shooting thirty or forty in a single day. Their nests on the rushy margins
of lakes and streams, far from being hidden like those of most birds, are
conspicuously large, and conical in shape like Indian wigwams. They are
built of plants--rushes, sedges, mosses, etc.--and ornamented around the
base with mussel-shells. It was always pleasant and interesting to see
them in the fall as soon as the nights began to be frosty, hard at work
cutting sedges on the edge of the meadow or swimming out through the rushes,
making long glittering ripples as they sculled themselves along, diving
where the water is perhaps six or eight feet deep and reappearing in a
minute or so with large mouthfuls of the weedy tangled plants gathered
from the bottom, returning to their big wigwams climbing up and depositing
their loads where most needed to make them yet larger and firmer
and warmer, foreseeing the freezing weather just like ourselves when we
banked up our house to keep out the frost.
They lie snug and invisible all winter but do not hibernate. Through
a channel carefully kept open they swim out under the ice for mussels,
and the roots and stems of water-lilies, etc., on which they feed just
as they do in summer. Sometimes the oldest and most enterprising of them
venture to orchards near the water in search of fallen apples; very seldom,
however, do they interfere with anything belonging to their mortal enemy,
man. Notwithstanding they are so well hidden and protected during the winter,
many of them are killed by Indian hunters, who creep up softly and spear
them through the thick walls of their cabins. Indians are fond of their
flesh, and so are some of the wildest of the white trappers. They are easily
caught in steel traps, and after vainly trying to drag their feet from
the cruel crushing jaws, they sometimes in their agony gnaw them off. Even
after having gnawed off a leg they are so guileless that they never seem
to learn to know and fear traps, for some are occasionally found that have
been caught twice and have gnawed off a second foot. Many other animals
suffering excruciating pain in these cruel traps gnaw off their legs. Crabs
and lobsters are so fortunate as to be able to shed their limbs
when caught or merely frightened, apparently without suffering any pain,
simply by giving themselves a little shivery shake.
The muskrat is one of the most notable and widely distributed of American
animals, and millions of the gentle, industrious, beaver-like creatures
are shot and trapped and speared every season for their skins, worth a
dime or so--like shooting boys and girls for their garments.
Surely a better time must be drawing nigh when godlike human beings
will become truly humane, and learn to put their animal fellow mortals
in their hearts instead of on their backs or in their dinners. In the mean
time we may just as well as not learn to live clean, innocent lives instead
of slimy, bloody ones. All hale, red-blooded boys are savage, the best
and boldest the savagest, fond of hunting and fishing. But when thoughtless
childhood is past, the best rise the highest above all this bloody flesh
and sport business, the wild foundational animal dying out day by day,
as divine uplifting, transfiguring charity grows in.
Hares and rabbits were seldom seen when we first settled in the Wisconsin
woods, but they multiplied rapidly after the animals that preyed upon them
had been thinned out or exterminated, and food and shelter supplied
in grain-fields and log fences and the thickets of young oaks that grew
up in pastures after the annual grass fires were kept out. Catching hares
in the winter-time, when they were hidden in hollow fence-logs, was a
favorite pastime with many of the boys whose fathers allowed them time
to enjoy the sport. Occasionally a stout, lithe hare was carried out into
an open snow-covered field, set free, and given a chance for its life in
a race with a dog. When the snow was not too soft and deep, it usually
made good its escape, for our dogs were only fat, short-legged mongrels.
We sometimes discovered hares in standing hollow trees, crouching on decayed
punky wood at the bottom, as far back as possible from the opening, but
when alarmed they managed to climb to a considerable height if the hollow
was not too wide, by bracing themselves against the sides.
Foxes, though not uncommon, we boys held steadily to work seldom saw,
and as they found plenty of prairie chickens for themselves and families,
they did not often come near the farmer's hen-roosts. Nevertheless the
discovery of their dens was considered important. No matter how deep the
den might be, it was thoroughly explored with pick and shovel by sport-loving
settlers at a time when they judged the fox was likely to be
at home, but I cannot remember any case in our neighborhood where the fox
was actually captured. In one of the dens a mile or two from our farm a
lot of prairie chickens were found and some smaller birds.
Badger dens were far more common than fox dens. One of our fields was
named Badger Hill from the number of badger holes in a hill at the end
of it, but I cannot remember seeing a single one of the inhabitants.
On a stormy day in the middle of an unusually severe winter, a black
bear, hungry, no doubt, and seeking something to eat, came strolling down
through our neighborhood from the northern pine woods. None had been seen
here before, and it caused no little excitement and alarm, for the European
settlers imagined that these poor, timid, bashful bears were as dangerous
as man-eating lions and tigers, and that they would pursue any human being
that came in their way. This species is common in the north part of the
State, and few of our enterprising Yankee hunters who went to the pineries
in the fall failed to shoot at least one of them.
We saw very little of the owlish, serious looking coons, and no wonder,
since they lie hidden nearly all day in hollow trees and we
never had time to hunt them. We often heard their curious, quavering, whinnying
cries on still evenings but only once succeeded in tracing an unfortunate
family through our corn-field to their den in a big oak and catching them
all. One of our neighbors, Mr. McRath, a Highland Scotchman, caught one
and made a pet of it. It became very tame and had perfect confidence in
the good intentions of its kind friend and master. He always addressed
it in speaking to it as a "little man." When it came running
to him and jumped on his lap or climbed up his trousers, he would say,
while patting its head as if it were a dog or a child, "Coonie, ma
mannie, Coonie, ma mannie, hoo are ye the day? I think you're hungry,"--as
the comical pet began to examine his pockets for nuts and bits of
bread,--"Na, na, there's nathing in my pooch for ye the day, my wee mannie,
but I'll get ye something." He would then fetch something it liked--bread,
nuts, a carrot, or perhaps a piece of fresh meat. Anything scattered for
it on the floor it felt with its paw instead of looking at it, judging
of its worth more by touch than sight.
The outlet of our Fountain Lake flowed past Mr. McRath's door, and the
coon was very fond of swimming in it and searching for frogs and mussels.
It seemed perfectly satisfied to stay about the house without
being confined, occupied a comfortable bed in a section of a hollow tree,
and never wandered far. How long it lived after the death of its kind master
I don't know.
I suppose that almost any wild animal may be made a pet, simply by sympathizing
with it and entering as much as possible into its life. In Alaska I saw
one of the common gray mountain marmots kept as a pet in an Indian family.
When its master entered the house it always seemed glad, almost like a
dog, and when cold or tired it snuggled up in a fold of his blanket with
the utmost confidence.
We have all heard of ferocious animals, lions and tigers, etc., that
were fed and spoken to only by their masters, becoming perfectly tame;
and, as is well known, the faithful dog that follows man and serves him,
and looks up to him and loves him as if he were a god, is a descendant
of the blood-thirsty wolf or jackal. Even frogs and toads and fishes may
be tamed, provided they have the uniform sympathy of one person, with whom
they become intimately acquainted without the distracting and varying attentions
of strangers. And surely all God's people, however serious and savage,
great or small, like to play. Whales and elephants, dancing, humming gnats,
and invisibly small mischievous microbes,--all are warm with
divine radium and must have lots of fun in them.
As far as I know, all wild creatures keep themselves clean. Birds,
it seems to me, take more pains to bathe and dress themselves than any
other animals. Even ducks, though living so much in water, dip and scatter
cleansing showers over their backs, and shake and preen their feathers
as carefully as land-birds. Watching small singers taking their morning
baths is very interesting, particularly when the weather is cold. Alighting
in a shallow pool, they often-times show a sort of dread of dipping into
it, like children hesitating about taking a plunge, as if they felt the
same kind of shock, and this makes it easy for us to sympathize with the
little feathered people.
Occasionally I have seen from my study-window red-headed linnets bathing
in dew when water elsewhere was scarce. A large Monterey cypress with broad
branches and innumerable leaves on which the dew lodges in still nights
made favorite bathing-places. Alighting gently, as if afraid to waste the
dew, they would pause and fidget as they do before beginning to plash in
pools, then dip and scatter the drops in showers and get as thorough a
bath as they would in a pool. I have also seen the same kind of baths taken
by birds on the boughs of silver firs on the edge of a glacier
meadow, but nowhere have I seen the dew-drops so abundant as on the Monterey
cypress; and the picture made by the quivering wings and irised dew was
memorably beautiful. Children, too, make fine pictures plashing and crowing
in their little tubs. How widely different from wallowing pigs, bathing
with great show of comfort and rubbing themselves dry against rough-barked
trees!
Some of our own species seem fairly to dread the touch of water. When
the necessity of absolute cleanliness by means of frequent baths was being
preached by a friend who had been reading Combe's Physiology, in which
he had learned something of the wonders of the skin with its millions of
pores that had to be kept open for health, one of our neighbors remarked:
"Oh! that's unnatural. It's well enough to wash in a tub maybe once
or twice a year, but not to be paddling in the water all the time like
a frog in a spring-hole." Another neighbor, who prided himself on
his knowledge of big words, said with great solemnity: "I never can
believe that man is amphibious!"
Natives of tropic islands pass a large part of their lives in water,
and seem as much at home in the sea as on the land; swim and dive, pursue
fishes, play in the waves like surf-ducks and seals, and explore
the coral gardens and groves and seaweed meadows as if truly amphibious.
Even the natives of the far north bathe at times. I once saw a lot of Eskimo
boys ducking and plashing right merrily in the Arctic Ocean.
It seemed very wonderful to us that the wild animals could keep themselves
warm and strong in winter when the temperature was far below zero. Feeble-looking
rabbits scud away over the snow, lithe and elastic, as if glorying in the
frosty, sparkling weather and sure of their dinners. I have seen gray squirrels
dragging ears of corn about as heavy as themselves out of our field through
loose snow and up a tree, balancing them on limbs and eating in comfort
with their dry, electric tails spread airily over their backs. Once I saw
a fine hardy fellow go into a knot-hole. Thrusting in my hand I caught
him and pulled him out. As soon as he guessed what I was up to, he took
the end of my thumb in his mouth and sunk his teeth right through it, but
I gripped him hard by the neck, carried him home, and shut him up in a
box that contained about half a bushel of hazel- and hickory-nuts, hoping
that he would not be too much frightened and discouraged to eat while thus
imprisoned after the rough handling he had suffered. I soon learned, however,
that sympathy in this direction was wasted, for no sooner did I pop
him in than he fell to with right hearty appetite, gnawing and munching
the nuts as if he had gathered them himself and was very hungry that day.
Therefore, after allowing time enough for a good square meal, I made haste
to get him out of the nut-box and shut him up in a spare bedroom, in which
father had hung a lot of selected ears of Indian corn for seed. They were
hung up by the husks on cords stretched across from side to side of the
room. The squirrel managed to jump from the top of one of the bed-posts
to the cord, cut off an ear, and let it drop to the floor. He then jumped
down, got a good grip of the heavy ear, carried it to the top of one of
the slippery, polished bed-posts, seated himself comfortably, and, holding
it well balanced, deliberately pried out one kernel at a time with his
long chisel teeth, ate the soft, sweet germ, and dropped the hard part
of the kernel. In this masterly way, working at high speed, he demolished
several ears a day, and with a good warm bed in a box made himself at home
and grew fat. Then naturally, I suppose, free romping in the snow and treetops
with companions came to mind. Anyhow he began to look for a way of escape.
Of course he first tried the window, but found that his teeth made no impression
on the glass. Next he tried the sash and gnawed the wood off
level with the glass; then father happened to come upstairs and discovered
the mischief that was being done to his seed corn and window and immediately
ordered him out of the house.
The flying squirrel was one of the most interesting of the little animals
we found in the woods, a beautiful brown creature, with fine eyes and smooth,
soft fur like that of a mole or field mouse. He is about half as long as
the gray squirrel, but his wide-spread tail and the folds of skin along
his sides that form the wings make him look broad and flat, something like
a kite. In the evenings our cat often brought them to her kittens at the
shanty, and later we saw them fly during the day from the trees we were
chopping. They jumped and glided off smoothly and apparently without effort,
like birds, as soon as they heard and felt the breaking shock of the strained
fibers at the stump, when the trees they were in began to totter and groan.
They can fly, or rather glide, twenty or thirty yards from the top of a
tree twenty or thirty feet high to the foot of another, gliding upward
as they reach the trunk, or if the distance is too great they alight comfortably
on the ground and make haste to the nearest tree, and climb just like the
wingless squirrels.
Every boy and girl loves the little fairy, airy striped chipmunk,
half squirrel, half spermophile. He is about the size of a field mouse,
and often made us think of linnets and song sparrows as he frisked about
gathering nuts and berries. He likes almost all kinds of grain, berries,
and nuts,--hazel-nuts, hickory-nuts, strawberries, huckleberries, wheat,
oats, corn,--he is fond of them all and thrives on them. Most of the hazel
bushes on our farm grew along the fences as if they had been planted for
the chipmunks alone, for the rail fences were their favorite highways.
We never wearied watching them, especially when the hazel-nuts were ripe
and the little fellows were sitting on the rails nibbling and handling
them like tree-squirrels. We used to notice too that, although they are
very neat animals, their lips and fingers were dyed red like our own, when
the strawberries and huckleberries were ripe. We could always tell when
the wheat and oats were in the milk by seeing the chipmunks feeding on
the ears. They kept nibbling at the wheat until it was harvested and then
gleaned in the stubble, keeping up a careful watch for their enemies,--dogs,
hawks, and shrikes. They are as widely distributed over the continent as
the squirrels, various species inhabiting different regions on the mountains
and lowlands, but all the different kinds have the same general characteristics
of light, airy cheerfulness and good nature.
Before the arrival of farmers in the Wisconsin woods the small ground
squirrels, called "gophers," lived chiefly on the seeds of wild
grasses and weeds, but after the country was cleared and ploughed no feasting
animal fell to more heartily on the farmer's wheat and corn. Increasing
rapidly in numbers and knowledge, they became very destructive, especially
in the spring when the corn was planted, for they learned to trace the
rows and dig up and eat the three or four seeds in each hill about as fast
as the poor farmers could cover them. And unless great pains were taken
to diminish the numbers of the cunning little robbers, the fields had to
be planted two or three times over, and even then large gaps in the rows
would be found. The loss of the grain they consumed after it was ripe,
together with the winter stores laid up in their burrows, amounted to little
as compared with the loss of the seed on which the whole crop depended.
One evening about sundown, when my father sent me out with the shotgun
to hunt them in a stubble field, I learned something curious and interesting
in connection with these mischievous gophers, though just then they were
doing no harm. As I strolled through the stubble watching for
a chance for a shot, a shrike flew past me and alighted on an open spot
at the mouth of a burrow about thirty yards ahead of me. Curious to see
what he was up to, I stood still to watch him. He looked down the gopher
hole in a listening attitude, then looked back at me to see if I was coming,
looked down again and listened, and looked back at me. I stood perfectly
still, and he kept twitching his tail, seeming uneasy and doubtful about
venturing to do the savage job that I soon learned he had in his mind.
Finally, encouraged by my keeping so still, to my astonishment he suddenly
vanished in the gopher hole.
A bird going down a deep narrow hole in the ground like a ferret or
a weasel seemed very strange, and I thought it would be a fine thing to
run forward, clap my hand over the hole, and have the fun of imprisoning
him and seeing what he would do when he tried to get out. So I ran forward
but stopped when I got within a dozen or fifteen yards of the hole, thinking
it might perhaps be more interesting to wait and see what would naturally
happen without my interference. While I stood there looking and listening,
I heard a great disturbance going on in the burrow, a mixed lot of keen
squeaking shrieking, distressful cries, telling that down in the dark something
terrible was being done. Then suddenly out popped a half-grown
gopher, four and a half or five inches long, and, without stopping a single
moment to choose a way of escape, ran screaming through the stubble straight
away from its home, quickly followed by another and another, until some
half-dozen were driven out, all of them crying and running in different
directions as if at this dreadful time home, sweet home, was the most dangerous
and least desirable of any place in the wide world. Then out came the shrike,
flew above the run-away gopher children, and, diving on them, killed them
one after another with blows at the back of the skull. He then seized one
of them, dragged it to the top of a small clod so as to be able to get
a start, and laboriously made out to fly with it about ten or fifteen yards,
when he alighted to rest. Then he dragged it to the top of another clod
and flew with it about the same distance, repeating this hard work over
and over again until he managed to get one of the gophers on to the top
of a log fence. How much he ate of his hard-won prey, or what he did with
the others, I can't tell, for by this time the sun was down and I had to
hurry home to my chores.
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